Crude oil burner



Jan. 16, 1945. A. DEKKER CRUDE OIL BURNER Filed April 29, 194G l I l I ll I \I\\ IN VENT'OR Patented Jan. 16, 1945 CRUDE OIL BURNER ArlenDekker, Fynaart, Netherlands; vested in the Alien Property CustodianApplication April 29, 1940, Serial No. 332,417 In Belgium May 10, 1939 1Claim.

The invention relates to improvements in atmospheric crude oil burners.

An important object of the invention is to increase the temperature ofthe burner parts so as to ensure adequate evaporation of heavy crudeoils in the pan and make the burner insensitive to changes in thequality of the oil, and ensure maintenance of the economical oil-gasflame at small rates of combustion and prevent great residue dischargefrom the gutter at full rates of combustion, whereby a greater turn-downratio is obtained.

A further object is to efiect a rotating motion of the oil-gas flame andthe residue flame in order to obtain greater efliciency and economy anda sootless and smokeless combustion with slight chimney draught.

Another object is to obviate the necessity for cleaning by ensuringbetter combustion and a higher temperature of the burner parts.

Further features are better combustion of the residue in the separateresidue combustion chamber, easy ignition of the burner and a greatersupply of combustion air to the residue combustion chamber until the gasflame ignites, and elimination of roaring of the burner and choking-upof the residue discharge pipe.

One illustrative form of the invention is shown in the accompanyingdrawing, in which Fig. I is a vertical section of the entire burner,Fig. II a plan view of the burner with the cover removed; Figure III isa plan view without the covers 3 and 8, Fig. IV a section through thecams 36 and notches 31, Fig. V is a profile view of the cams 36, notches31 and slots I5, Fig. VI a fragmentary view of the crude-oil supply, andFig. VII is a part section of a modification.

My improved burner burns heavy crude oils such as Diesel oils, fuel oilsof S. G. 0.875, burning low or at full capacity during a long periodwithout trouble or cleaning. The burner is sootless and smokeless,highly efllcient, adjustable like a gas burner, and with an ordinarykitchen chimney or pipe of feet in length. Without my improvements,however, such a burner gives much trouble even when burning light crudeoils, is much less efficient, and has other disadvantages which make itunsuitable.

The burner consists of a covered annular evaporation pan i2 with asloping bottom I3, vertical gas-outlet slit 9, a fuel-supply 28 at thetop of the slope, an outlet 3| for the non-evaporated fuel (residue) atthe bottom of the slope, a crudeoil gas combustion chamber 2| and aresidue combustion chamber 32 for the burning of the heavy parts of thecrude oil, the flame of which heats the pan l2 and its cover 8 whilerising through the hole 29 in the middle of the burner, which hole isformed by the annular .pan [2.

The slope of the bottom of the pan 12 has a varying pitch, to obtaineven evaporation in the whole pan and prevent coke formation in the pan.The lower end of the bottom has a sink. The pan is provided with a smallridge 35 between its higher end and the sink.

The pan is entirely closed by the cover 8. except for a verticalgas-outlet slit 9. The cover is hollow and this hollow has ribs 6, whichextend into the hole 29, in order to ensure rapid evaporation in the panand a speedy ignition of the hot oil-gas vapor, so that the fullcapacity of the burner is soon brought into play. The outside of thecover 8 has a vertical upward extension 1, which projects above the topof the gasoutlet slit 9 and joins the inclined ascending upper surface 5of the cover 8, to prevent roaring of the oil-gas flame. The surface 5has'tangential ribs 4 to give the oil-gas flame a rotating motion, inorder to obtain better combustion and greater eiiiciency. The cover hasat its underside a sharp edge H and the wall of the pan has a sharp edge10 to prevent oil creeping up into the gas slit 9 and choking it up. Theouter wall of the pan has a vertical extension 25 integral with the pan,in order to transmit heat from the oil-gas flame to the pan and increaseits temperature. The extension 25 has holes 24 and slots 23 for thesupply of combustion air to the combustion chamber 2|. The upper edge ofthis extension 25 supports a cover 3 with a narrow aperture and acylindrical flange 2. The pan fits close and with a bevelled side l4upon the bevelled edge I6 of the lower pan l8, which forms the residuecombustion chamber 32. The bevelled side 14 is provided with tangentialslots l5, which give the passing combustion air a rotating downwardmotion and improve the combustion of the residue. The lower pan l8 has acolumn 21 with a brim 22 cast with the bottom of the chamber 32 (lowerpan l8), which brim quickly transfers the heat from the residue flame tothe bottom of the lower pan.

The pan 12 has tangential ribs IS on its underside to give the residueflame a rotating motion and to increase the temperature of the pan,thereby obtaining better residu combustion.

The pan has slanting cams 36 fitting in slanting notches 31 in the wallof the lower pan l8, which is connected by means of screws I! with theprotection base 20 having a handle 33. The

space between the lower pan and the protection box 20 is filled withinsulation material 34, to increase the temperature in the residuecombustion chamber. The burner has a jacket 28 for pre-he-ating thecombustion air, in order to increase the temperature ofthe burner itselfand to obtain better combustion of heavy crude oils and greaterefficiency.

The burner is pressed by means of a suitable support against the flameinlet pipe I of the range, stove or geyser or the like, which isconnected with a chimney. The crude oil is supplied from a tap 38 of afuel tank, through an oil pipe having a funnel 39 and an oil-lock 40, toprevent air from pasing into the pan l2 and to avoid coke-formation inthe pan. The pan I2 is raised from the lower pan I8 by holding the panin its place and turning the handle 33, thereby moving the cams 38 inthe notches 31 and obtaining suflicient space to throw a burning matchinto the thin layer of crude oil, which has dropped from the fuel-tap 38into the funnel 39 and has flowed through the oil-lock 4D, the hole 28,the pan I2 and the residue-hole 3| onto the bottom of the lower pan IS.The flame rises through the hole 29, heating the bottom |3 of the pan l2and its cover 8 with ribs 6 and the brim 22 of the column 21 on its wayto the appliance, which is to be heated.

The column 21 transmits its heat to the bottom of the lower pan |8.causing such a rapid production of gas that flames pass outside theburner and back into the combustion chamber 2| through the holes 24 andheat the ribs 4 and the surface 5 of the cover 8. Soon the evaporationof the crude oil in the pan becomes so great that the oil-gas escapesthrough the gas-slit 9 and is ignited by the flame from the lowercombustion chamber 32. In the meantime this flame has begun to heat theappliance. The oil-gas flame, which is the hot economical flame and theprincipal one, touches the ribs 4 and the upper surface 5 of the cover8, obtaining its combustion air through the holes 24 and slots 23. Soonthe evaporation reaches its maximum and very little residue passesthrough the hole 3| into the residue combustion chamber 32.

Then flames no longer pass to the outside from the chamber 32, thehandle 33 is turned back and the pan |2 again fits close on the lowerpan I8, combustion air passing only through the small slots I5, as onlya small quantity of air is required for the small residue flame. A greatquantity of air would cool down the bottom of the pan too much anddecrease the evaporation of oil. The contact of the oil-gas flame withthe ribs 4 and the surface 5 and the extended wall 25, and of theresidue flame with the ribs l9, ensures maintenance of the evaporationduring small fuel supply, preventing oil-gas flame extinction, andensures firstly, full evaporation of the lighter parts of the crude oil,secondly, small residue discharge through the hole 3| at all loads,thirdly, rapid attainment of the full capacity of the burner, andfourthly, a great turn-down ratio. The modifled form in Fig. VII has twocovers 4| and 42, separated by gas slit 43, over the pan l2, cover 42being provided with ring 44 having air holes 24.

While the heavy crude oil evaporates on its way through the pan itsviscosity changes. Therefore the pitch of the slope is made to suitthese viscosities at various parts of the bottom.

I am aware that prior to my invention crude oil burners have been madewith a covered annular evaporation pan with a sloping bottom. an oil-gasoutlet, a residue outlet at the lower end of the bottom and a separateresidue combustion chamber underneath where the residue burns and heatsthe gutter and its cover. I therefore do not claim such a combinationbroadly.

I claim:

In a crude oil burner, the combination of all annular vaporizing panprovided with a cover and having a sloping bottom, an oil-gas outlet, aresidue outlet at the lower end of the'bottom, a separate residuecombustion chamber below the vaporizing pan where the residue burns andheats the pan and cover, said cover and pan provided with tangentialribs whereby a rotating motion is imparted to both the oil-gas flame andthe residue flame and whereby heat is readily conducted to the pan andcover, said cover being provided with a vertical and inclined extensionwhereby the inner side of the flame is limited and roaring is prevented,a vertical extension of the outer wall of the pan whereby heat isconducted to the bottom of the pan, said pan being provided with slotsfor supplying air to the residue chamber, said sloping bottom of the panbeing provided with a' varying pitch to insure uniform oil filmthickness.

A. DEKKER.

